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Modesty Blaise is a British comic strip featuring a fictional character of the same name, created by author Peter O'Donnell and illustrator Jim Holdaway in 1963. The strip follows Modesty Blaise, an exceptional young woman with many talents and a criminal past, and her trusty sidekick Willie Garvin. It was adapted into films in 1966, 1982, and 2003, and from 1965 onwards, 11 novels and two short-story collections were written.
During the years that she runs The Network, she meets Willie Garvin. Despite his desperate lifestyle, she sees his potential and offers him a job. Inspired by her belief in him, he pulls through as her right-hand man in The Network and becomes Modesty's most trusted friend. Theirs is a strictly platonic relationship, based on mutual respect and shared interests. He always calls her "Princess", a form of address only he is allowed to use. Other members of The Network call Modesty "Mam'selle" (as in the French term "Mademoiselle" or "Miss"). Though their relationship has no sexual element, Modesty's various lovers invariably treat Willie with frustrated envy, as he is the only man who remains vital to her life, while lovers come and go. By the same token, some of Willie's girlfriends are initially jealous of Modesty, but later come to understand how the dynamic between them works (as in the case of Lady Janet).
She obtains British nationality by marrying for convenience and divorcing an Englishman in Beirut; the husband (James Turner) dies a year later of alcoholism. Having made a point of not dealing in secrets belonging to H.M. government, when she feels she has made enough money, she retires and moves to England and Willie Garvin follows suit. Bored by their new lives among the idle rich, they accept a request for assistance from Sir Gerald Tarrant, a high-ranking official of the British Secret Service. This is where the story really begins, although it is treated differently in the first comic strip and the first book. Modesty's fortune is estimated at £500,000 as of 1963 (over £8.84 million in 2020). She lives in a penthouse in London overlooking Hyde Park, and also owns a villa in Tangier and a cottage two miles from Benildon, Wiltshire. She is 5 feet 6 inches (168 cm) tall and weighs 120 lb (54 kg) as revealed in La Machine.
Many of her adventures are based on capers in which Willie Garvin and she become involved as a result of their association with Tarrant. However, they may also help perfect strangers or fight various eccentric villains in exotic locations of their own volition if the cause fits their values; "ghosts" from their Network past also emerge to haunt them from time to time. Although Modesty and Willie do not hesitate to kill if necessary, they avoid deadly force whenever possible, often relying upon their extraordinary physical combat and weapons skills. There are many occasions in the comic strip and novels where the two decide ahead of time - with the final say up to Modesty - whether to use deadly force ("for keeps") or less-lethal methods ("for sleeps") depending on the level of the perceived threat.
In Willie and Modesty's fights, great emphasis is placed on unarmed combat and unusual weapons. Modesty's weapon of choice is a kongo or yawara (which she often disguises either tied up in her hair or as a detachable clasp on her handbag), and as for firearms she begins by preferring the Colt .32 revolver and Mab Brevete .32 ACP auto pistol, although in later books, she switches to carrying a Star PD .45 auto pistol. Willie's preferred weapon is the Knife throwing, of which he usually carries two. Many other strange weapons (such as the quarterstaff, épée, blowgun, and sling) and unexpected fighting techniques are also featured.
In keeping with the "floating timeline" spirit of other long-running comic strip and literary characters, Modesty and Willie generally do not age over the decades, with Modesty always being depicted as being in her late 20s and Willie eight years older. The only exceptions to this rule occur in the comic strip origin story, "In the Beginning"; the 1996 short-story collection Cobra Trap, the final Modesty Blaise book, which contains five stories that take place where Modesty's age moves from 20 to 52 (approximately); and the 2003 film My Name Is Modesty, which is a prequel depicting Modesty in her late teens.
After Jim Holdaway's sudden death in 1970, the art of the strip was provided by Spanish artist Enrique Badía Romero.Holdaway died midway through illustrating the story The Warlords of Phoenix; Romero completed the illustrations. Eight years later, Romero quit to make time for his own comics projects, and after short attempts by John Burns and Patrick Wright, Neville Colvin drew the strip until 1986. Then Romero returned to the job and continued until the end of the strip.
The strip's circulation in the United States was erratic, in part because of the occasional nude scenes, which were much less acceptable in the US than elsewhere, resulting in a censored version of the strip being circulated. (Modesty occasionally used a tactic that she called the "Nailer," in which she appeared topless, distracting the bad guys long enough to give Willie or herself a chance to incapacitate them.) An example of this censorship appears in the introduction to the 2007 Titan Books reprint volume Death Trap, which illustrated two segments of the story arc, "The Junk Men" that were censored by the Detroit Free Press when it published the strip in 1977;Both versions of the frames can be seen at ComicWiki.dk in both cases a screen was drawn over scantily clad images of Willie and Modesty. Reportedly, O'Donnell did not approve of the changes, although they were made by the artist, Romero.Lawrence Blackmore, "Preserving Modesty's Modesty" in Modesty Blaise: Death Trap. Titan Books, 2007, no pagination
The final Modesty Blaise strip ran in the Evening Standard on 11 April 2001. Some of the newspapers that carried the series, feeling that it had become a tradition for their readers, began running it again from the beginning. O'Donnell, to give Romero some additional work, gave the artist permission to adapt one of his short stories ("Cobra Trap") as a comic that was published in the Scandinavian anthology magazine Agent X9 in 2002, later being reprinted in the US in a special issue of Comics Revue.
From 1 December 2008, the Evening Standard, which had stopped including comic strips for some time, republished La Machine, using the original artwork. Following a change of ownership of the paper, they did not continue with subsequent stories.
Outside the ordinary numbering is also a quantity of A-strips. An A-strip has the same number as the previous strip, but followed by an A. They were used on days when not all the newspapers running Modesty Blaise were published. An A-strip is not vital for the continuity of the story and is often just supplementing the previous strip.
The first A-strip was 194A and was published during Christmas 1963 in Scottish newspapers.
Since December 1974, The Evening Standard has not been published on Saturdays. So, since then, and the story "Cry Wolf", a sixth of the strips have been A-strips and have not had their premiere in The Evening Standard.
A single strip is numbered with an X suffix, strip number 3641X, and is similar to the A-strips.
In Sweden the strip has been in continuous distribution since 1971 in a monthly comic adventure magazine called Agent X9 (previously, Modesty had her own comic magazine Agent Modesty Blaise in Sweden from 1967 to 1970). Many of O'Donnell's stories premiered here (translated into Swedish language), and the magazine continues to run a Modesty Blaise story every month, from the archives. When the daily strip was discontinued, artist Romero was given permission by O'Donnell to do a final Modesty Blaise story directly for Agent X9 magazine. The two-parter was published in 2002 and based on an unused script by O'Donnell entitled The Dark Angels, which O'Donnell had previously adapted for the short story collection Cobra Trap. Romero also contributed original painted covers for the Agent X9 magazine for many years.
In India Modesty has acquired a huge fan base and the stories have been published in various magazines starting in 1971. Modesty was featured in Kalki Magazine (1971), Kumudam Magazine (1972), Muthu Comics (1975), Lion Comics (1984 to date), Rani Comics (1990–2002) & Comic World (1998) in the Tamil language. They were also published in English in Spectrum Comics (1985–1986). Though other magazines stopped/ceased publishing Modesty Blaise, Lion Comics continues to publish her stories regularly. Considering the medium, certain images from the stories were edited to make them suitable for child readers.
One of the earliest reprints in book form occurred in 1978 when Star Books—an imprint of WH Allen Limited—published two paperback-sized compilations of the Holdaway-era stories: 1) "In the Beginning", "The Black Pearl", and "The Vikings", and 2) "La Machine" and "The Long Lever". These reprints suffered from poor reproduction that rendered many panels illegible.
Between 1981 and 1986, Ken Pierce Books Inc. of the United States, in conjunction with Eclipse Comics, published eight volumes of comic book-sized reprints dubbed the First American Edition series. The first four books featured Holdaway-illustrated stories from the 1960s, while the last four featured strips from the early 1980s as illustrated by Neville Colvin. These books also suffered from reproduction problems that resulted in many panels being reprinted too light, making them difficult to read.
In 1994, DC Comics released a graphic novel adaptation of Modesty Blaise (the novel), with art by Dan Spiegle and Dick Giordano ().
Manuscript Press published two volumes of late-1980s Romero strips in 2003 ( Live Bait and Lady in the Dark); it also published all of the stories not reprinted elsewhere in serialised form in its magazine publications Comics Revue and Modesty Blaise Quarterly, the former of which, as noted above, also published The Dark Angels for the first (and, to date, only) time in English. Comics Revue is continuing to reprint Modesty Blaise strips as of 2015, although a planned reprint of The Dark Angels in autumn 2014 was cancelled just before publication when the copyright holders withdrew permission.
The American magazine Comics Revue also continues to reprint the strip, and remains to date the only publisher to have released an English-language version of The Dark Angels.
| Introduction by Peter O'Donnell |
| "Modesty Blaise Bloopers" by Peter O'Donnell |
| "Modesty Blaise The Film" by Peter O'Donnell |
| Introduction by Peter O'Donnell; photo of Jim Holdaway at work |
| Introduction by Peter O'Donnell; photo of Romero and "Dark Angels" script |
| Introduction by Peter O'Donnell and reminiscences about his early work |
| Introduction by Peter O'Donnell |
| Introduction by Peter O'Donnell |
As well as an introduction to each story by Peter O'Donnell (books 1 to 16), Lawrence Blackmore (books 17 to 24), Simon Ward (book 25), Rick Norwood (book 26), Rebecca Chance (book 28), and Daphne Alexander and Kate McAll (book 30), most books include articles about the series. The individual story introductions are absent from books 27 and 29.
In October 2017, Titan completed its reprints of the entire newspaper strip run with the final stories from Romero's second tenure. It is not yet known if the company has the rights to reprint "The Dark Angels", a graphic novel-length story that was published in a European magazine after the retirement of the original strip, or the 1994 graphic novel adaptation of the first Modesty Blaise novel published by DC Comics.
| "Blaise of Glory" Pt 1 by Mike Paterson and "Girl Walking" by Peter O'Donnell |
| "Blaise of Glory" Pt 2 and "Modesty Maker" Pt 1, an interview with Peter O'Donnell |
| "Blaise of Glory" Pt 3 and "Modesty Maker" Pt 2 |
| "Modesty's Sisters – The Madeleine Brent Novels" Pt 1 and "Modesty Maker" Pt 3; includes examples of Frank Hampson's rejected artwork. |
| "A Few Words about a Man I Never Met" about Jim Holdaway by Walter Simonson and "Modesty's Sisters" Pt 2 |
| "Modesty Blaise Doesn't Go To America" by Max Allan Collins, "Jim and Enric" by Peter O'Donnell, Holdaway's illustrations for the "Pieces of Modesty" book, and Pt 1 of a 1973 Comic Media interview with Peter O'Donnell by Nick Landau and Richard Burton |
| A profile of Enric Badia Romero |
| "Two Genuine Originals" by Jan Burke and "The Secret Weapons of a Femme Fatale" by Rob van der Nol |
| "Blue Bird – The Censoring of The Gallows Bird" |
| "The Truth behind Modesty Plays" by Russell Mael and Pt 2 of the 1973 Comic Media interview with Peter O'Donnell |
| Pt 3 of the 1973 Comic Media interview with Peter O'Donnell; includes examples of Frank Hampson's rejected artwork. |
| "Preserving Modesty's Modesty" by Lawrence Blackmore |
| "The Art of John Burns" by Lawrence Blackmore, including Burns' illustrations for the first Modesty Blaise novel |
| "Naked Truth" by Lawrence Blackmore and Burns' illustrations for "Pieces of Modesty" |
| "Modesty McBlaise: The Glasgow Story" by Lawrence Blackmore (strips that only appeared in the Glasgow Evening Citizen) |
| "Modesty McBlaise" Pt 2 by Lawrence Blackmore. Final volume to feature introductions by O'Donnell. |
| "Portrait of an Artist – Neville Colvin: An Appreciation" by Steve Epting |
| – no additional articles |
| "A Tribute to Peter O'Donnell" – short pieces by eleven writers and illustrators (first volume compiled since the death of O'Donnell in 2010); "A Modest Man" by Wallace Harrington, describing Neville Colvin |
| – no additional articles |
| "O'Donnell's Circus" by Lawrence Blackmore |
| – no additional articles |
| – no additional articles |
| – no additional articles |
| – no additional articles |
| – no additional articles |
| "Modest Morality" by Simon Barnes |
| "Meeting Modesty" by Rebecca Chance |
| "Modesty Blaise: An Icon For Our Time" by Stef Penney |
| "Modesty and Me" by Paul Michael and "All in the Mind" by Peter O'Donnell |
Sources: A ( Comics Revue Annual), C ( Comics Revue), CM ( Comic Media Vol 2, No. 2), CS ( Comics Revue Special), F# (First American Edition Series, Ken Pierce), LB ( Live Bait, Manuscript Press), LD ( Lady in the Dark, Manuscript Press), MB ( Comics Revue Presents Modesty Blaise), S# (Star Books paperback reprints, 1978), OT# (Titan Books, old series (1984–90)), T# (Titan Books, new series (2004–2017)).
| + The Modesty Blaise comic strip and comic book stories |
| T1, OT1, C 189–191, 193, S2 |
| T1, OT1, C 192–194, S2 |
| T1, OT1, C 195–197 |
| T2, OT2, C 198–199 |
| T2, OT2, F2, C 201–203 |
| T2, OT8, F2, C 204–207 |
| T3, F1, C 208–210 |
| T3, F1, S1 |
| T1, OT1, C 188, CM, S1 |
| T3, F4 |
| T4, F4, S1 |
| T4, F4 |
| T4, F3 |
| T5, OT8, F3 |
| T5, OT3, MB24 |
| T4, OT2, F3, C 207 |
| T5, OT3, C 211–213 |
| T6, OT3, C 214–216 |
| T6, OT4, C 217–219 |
| T6, OT4, C 220–222 |
| Enric Badía Romero |
| T7, OT4, C 223–225 |
| T7, OT5, C 226–228 |
| T7, OT5, C 229–231 |
| T8, OT5, C 232–234 |
| T8, OT6, C 235–237 |
| T8, OT6 |
| T9, OT6 |
| T9, MB2 |
| T9, OT7 |
| T9, OT7 |
| T10, MB3 |
| T10, MB4 |
| T10, MB5 |
| T11, MB6 |
| T11, MB7 |
| T11, MB8 |
| T11, MB10 |
| T12, MB11 |
| T12, MB9 |
| T12, MB12 |
| T13, MB13 |
| T13, MB14 |
| T13, MB16 |
| T14, MB15 |
| T14, MB17 |
| Patrick Wright |
| T14, MB18 |
| T15, MB19 |
| T15, F5, C 238–240 |
| T15, F5, C 241–243 |
| T16, F5, C 244–246 |
| T16, F6, C 247–249 |
| T16, F6, C 250–252 |
| T17, F6, C 253–255 |
| T17, F7, C 256–258 |
| T17, F7, C 259–261 |
| T18, F7, C 262–264 |
| T18, F8, C 265–267 |
| T18, F8 |
| T18, F8 |
| T19, MB20 |
| T19, MB21 |
| T19, MB22 |
| T20, MB1, MB25 |
| T20, C 26–29 |
| T20, A2, MB23 |
| T21, C 31–36, LB |
| T21, C 40–42, LB |
| T21, C 44–46, LB |
| T22, C 47–49, LD |
| T22, C 50–52, LD |
| T22, C 53–56, LD |
| T23, C 57–60 |
| T23, C 61–63 |
| T23, C 64–66 |
| T24, C 67–73 |
| T24, C 73–77 |
| T24, C 78–83 |
| T25, C 84–88 |
| T25, C 89–93 |
| T25, C 94–99 |
| T26, C 100–104 |
| T26, C 105–109 |
| T26, C 110–114 |
| T27, C 115–119 |
| T27, C 120–124 |
| T27, C 125–130 |
| T27, CS, C 131–133 |
| T28, C 134–138 |
| T28, C 139–143 |
| T28, C 144–148 |
| T28, C 149–152 |
| T29 C 153–158 |
| T29, C 159–163 |
| T29 C 164–169 |
| T30 C 170–175 |
| T30, C 176–181 |
| T30 C 182–187 |
| C 200, 208 (cover), 217 (cover) |
There are also cases where characters first appear in the books and then subsequently appear in the comic strip – Steve Collier first appears in I, Lucifer (1967) and his future wife Dinah in A Taste for Death (1969) but they do not appear in the strip until Lady in the Dark (1989).
| + Comics Revue presents Modesty Blaise |
| 1986-09-16 – 1987-02-12 |
| 1973-01-08 – 1973-05-12 |
| 1974-02-11 – 1974-07-01 |
| 1974-07-02 – 1974-11-16 |
| 1974-11-18 – 1975-03-25 |
| 1975-03-26 – 1975-08-14 |
| 1975-08-15 – 1976-01-02 |
| 1976-01-05 – 1976-05-28 |
| 1977-03-29 – 1977-08-19 |
| 1976-06-01 – 1976-10-20 |
| 1976-10-21 – 1977-03-28 |
| 1977-08-22 – 1978-01-20 |
| 1978-01-23 – 1978-06-16 |
| 1978-06-19 – 1978-10-31 |
| 1979-04-02 – 1979-08-10 |
| 1978-11-01 – 1979-03-30 |
| 1979-08-13 – 1979-11-24 1979-11-25 – 1980-01-04 |
| 1980-01-07 – 1980-05-23 |
| 1980-05-27 – 1980-10-14 |
| 1985-07-03 – 1985-11-20 |
| 1985-11-21 – 1986-05-16 |
| 1986-05-17 – 1986-09-15 |
| 1987-07-09 – 1987-12-03 |
| 1968-05-27 – 1968-08-06 1968-09-11 – 1968-11-16 |
| 1986-09-16 – 1987-02-12 |
A film titled Modesty Blaise, loosely based on the comic strip, was filmed in 1966 as a comedy thriller. It was directed by Joseph Losey and starred Monica Vitti as Modesty, Terence Stamp as Willie Garvin, and Dirk Bogarde as Gabriel. Peter O'Donnell wrote the first draft of the screenplay for the film, but the script was heavily revised by others before shooting began, and the finished film bore very little resemblance to O'Donnell's vision in tone, theme, or characterisation. For example, a romance is established between Willie and Modesty, even though the comic strip firmly established only a platonic relationship between them. The film also incorporated several musical numbers. One sequence of the film establishes that the Modesty Blaise comic strip exists within the fictional universe of the film and is based upon the exploits of Vitti's character, who is seen dressing up as the illustrated version of herself. The film was unsuccessful.
In 1982, a one-hour pilot was made for a proposed Modesty Blaise television series, starring Ann Turkel as Modesty Blaise and Lewis Van Bergen as Willie Garvin. The film aired on the ABC Network to positive reviews, but no series resulted. This was a slightly more serious version of the stories than the campy 1966 comedy version. In this pilot the setting is moved from London to Hollywood, and both Willie and Tarrant are portrayed as Americans; Modesty's nationality is left unrevealed but Turkel also plays her with an American accent.
In 2003, a direct-to-video film titled My Name Is Modesty was released under the "Quentin Tarantino Presents..." banner. The film was directed by Scott Spiegel and starred English actress Alexandra Staden as Modesty Blaise (to date the only British actress to play the role on screen). Although promoted as the first of a series, no others were made. One immediately noticeable difference between the film and the source material is that it is a prequel to Modesty's established backstory as a crime boss; as such, the character of Willie Garvin is omitted.
Quentin Tarantino has been interested in directing a Modesty Blaise film for many years, and at one point Neil Gaiman wrote a script treatment based upon O'Donnell's novel, I, Lucifer. So far, nothing has come of these plans. Tarantino "sponsored" the release of My Name Is Modesty by allowing it to be released under the label "Quentin Tarantino presents ..." In the Tarantino film Pulp Fiction, Vincent Vega is seen reading a copy of Modesty Blaise. Nicole Kidman has also gone on record as being interested in making a Modesty Blaise film, and Jennifer Lopez was reported to be pitching for the part in 2003.
| + Modesty Blaise novels and short stories | |
| Modesty Blaise | |
| Sabre-Tooth | |
| I, Lucifer | |
| A Taste for Death | |
| The Impossible Virgin | |
| Pieces of Modesty (short stories) { | style="margin-left:1em" |
| A Better Day to Die | |
| The Giggle-wrecker | |
| I Had a Date with Lady Janet | |
| A Perfect Night to Break Your Neck | |
| Salamander Four | |
| The Soo Girl Charity |
| Bellman |
| The Dark Angels |
| Old Alex |
| The Girl With the Black Balloon |
| Cobra Trap |
O'Donnell's final book, Cobra Trap, is a short story collection. Intended by O'Donnell to be his literary finale, the final story depicts the deaths of Modesty and Willie (with an implied afterlife). O'Donnell, however, would continue to write the comic strip for several more years, and chose to end it on a more optimistic note, though the comic strip's finale does not contradict the prose version.
Beginning in the early 2000s (decade), Souvenir Press began a series of paperback reprints of the Modesty Blaise book series, using the first edition hardback covers, and originally concluding with a reprint of Cobra Trap in 2006. Souvenir subsequently gained the rights to the short story collection Pieces of Modesty and issued their reprint of that book in March 2010, with a new cover design based on the original hardback cover from the first Modesty novel, at which point all the Blaise books fell under the same UK publisher for the first time.
In 2008, Penguin Books of India reprinted the full series.
The 2012 Charles Stross book The Apocalypse Codex is, according to the author, a tribute to Modesty Blaise.Stross, Charles (28 July 2013). Crib Sheet for The Apocalypse Codex, blog entry.
I Had a Date with Lady Janet (the short story from Pieces of Modesty) was published as an Audiobook by Pickwick Talking Books in the early 1980s, featuring John Thaw as Willie (the story, uniquely to the canon, is a first-person tale told from Willie Garvin's point of view).
BBC Radio 4 has broadcast adaptations of three of the books in their "15 Minute Drama" slot, each in five fifteen-minute episodes, adapted by Stef Penney and produced/directed by Kate McAll, starring Daphne Alexander as Modesty, with music by Will Gregory, arranged by Ian Gardiner.
A Taste for Death was originally broadcast from 17 to 21 December 2012, featuring Carl Prekopp as Willie and Alun Armstrong as Tarrant, with Sam Dale (Simon Delicata), Geoffrey Streatfeild (Steve Collier), Samantha Dakin (Dinah Pilgrim), Alex Fearns (McWhirter), Jeff Mash (Skeet Lowery) and Nigel Anthony (Sir Howard Presteign).
Modesty Blaise was originally broadcast from 16 to 20 June 2014, featuring Neil Maskell as Willie and Alun Armstrong as Tarrant, with Ewan Bailey (Gabriel), Alex Fearns (McWhirter), Matthew Gravelle, John Hollingworth and Hannah Pakeman.
The Silver Mistress was originally broadcast from 13 to 17 February 2017, featuring Paul Bazely as Willie and Ian McNeice as Tarrant, with Clare Grogan (Clare), Ewan Bailey (Sexton/Colonel Jim), Sara Markland (Lady Janet/Angel) and John Ramm (Quinn).
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